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天下彩票注册2023-01-31 16:05

美联储距离结束加息还有多远?******

  (经济观察)美联储距离结束加息还有多远?

  中新社北京2月2日电 (记者 夏宾)在市场意料之中,美联储2023年首次议息会议决定继续加息25个基点,这是美联储自去年3月以来连续第八次加息,但加息幅度已经回落,目前利率水平创下2007年10月以来的最高值。

  从美联储发表的声明来看,在经济预期方面,对于通胀程度表述大幅修改,显示美国通胀压力正在得到缓解,将此前的“通胀仍然居高不下”的措辞改为“通胀有所缓和,但仍处于高位”,疫情及乌克兰危机对于通胀压力的影响趋弱。

  在货币政策立场方面,美联储表示“持续提高目标区间将是适当的”以及“在确定目标区间未来增长时,委员会将考虑货币政策的累积收紧、货币政策影响经济活动和通货膨胀的滞后性以及经济和金融发展”。

  换言之,美联储会继续高度关注通胀风险,预计仍将上调利率。

  中信证券首席经济学家明明表示,从美联储主席鲍威尔的会后发言来看,并不认为现在是暂停加息的时候。通胀需要一定时间才能回落,因此需要在更长时间内保持较高利率。

  民生银行首席经济学家温彬也提到,鲍威尔对外释放的信号是,美联储正处于反通胀的早期阶段,取得胜利需要时间。不过他也强调,美联储没有动力也不想过度收紧利率。

  工银国际首席经济学家程实表示,从美联储的角度来看,尽管整体通胀和核心通胀持续回落让美联储的决策者压力有所减轻,但目前通胀预期的回落仍处于下行通道早期阶段。短期通胀预期受季节性和能源因素的影响非常显著,如果季节性因素对能源和粮食价格的影响退去,通胀预期存在快速反弹的风险。

  就目前情况而言,美联储距离结束加息还有多远?“我们预计美联储今年还会加息一到两次,然后随着实际利率开始上升,直至超过美联储预计的适当水平,加息将暂停。一旦加息周期结束,我们预计美联储会按下暂停键,并观察经济状况以决定宽松周期是否合适。”威灵顿投资管理宏观策略师圣地亚哥·米兰说。

  谈及未来美联储的政策路径,浙商证券首席经济学家李超提出要关注三个方面。一是未来的加息节奏。本次议息会议声明及鲍威尔会后声明中均在强调加息进程尚未结束,并且仍可能有一次以上的加息。

  二是年内是否降息。“我们认为相对弹性的表述并未彻底锁死年内降息的可能性。”李超直言,鲍威尔给予了政策充分的弹性空间,提到“如果经济表现符合预期,则降息是不合适的”,但如果“通胀下行速度快于预期,也会在评估政策时重新考虑。”

  三是金融环境变化。李超提到,去年10月底以来美股反弹、美债利率回落金融条件有所改善,也一定程度上反映了机构的远期宽松预期,鲍威尔对此并未进行明确“反驳”。

  明明说,我们仍维持此轮美联储或于今年一季度停止加息(即最后一次加息时点为今年一季度),加息终点或为5%左右的判断。

  他进一步称,实质上美联储降息与美国通胀下行速度以及经济全面恶化时点,尤其是与劳动力市场密切相关,考虑到通胀下行速度存在不及预期的可能性,降息预计将由美国经济进一步恶化触发。“由于今年美国经济仍存在较高的衰退概率,因而实质上我们认为美联储较难避免在2023年进行降息。”

  李超还提到,虽然美联储当前态度中性,但也应关注欧洲潜在的金融稳定压力,一旦欧债风险开始发酵可能成为当前美联储决策框架外的超预期冲击因素并影响加息节奏,政策存在加速转向的可能。(完)

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中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

  中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。

  2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

  日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

  日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

  事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。

  因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。

  日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

  《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

  德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

  日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

  国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。

  太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。

  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

  By John Lee

  (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

  Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

  The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

  On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

  The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

  In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

  Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

  The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

  The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

  The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

  According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

  As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

  However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

  Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

  The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

  If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.

 

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